Over 4000 Android Apps Expose Users’ Data via Misconfigured Firebase Databases

Acquired by Google in 2014,

Firebase is a popular mobile application development platform that offers a variety of tools to help third-party app developers build apps,

— mostly spanning games, education, entertainment, and business categories

— installed 4.22 billion times by Android users, Comparitech said:

“the chances are high that an Android user’s privacy has been compromised by at least one app.”

Given that Firebase is a cross-platform tool, the researchers also warned that the misconfigurations are likely to impact iOS and web apps as well.

The full contents of the database, spanning across 4,282 apps, included:

• Email addresses: 7,000,000+
• Usernames: 4,400,000+
• Passwords: 1,000,000+
• Phone numbers: 5,300,000+
• Full names: 18,300,000+
• Chat messages: 6,800,000+
• GPS data: 6,200,000+
• IP addresses: 156,000+
• Street addresses: 560,000+

Diachenko found the exposed databases using known Firebase’s REST API that’s used to access data stored on unprotected instances,

retrieved in JSON format, by simply suffixing “/.json” to a database URL (e.g. “https://~project_id~.firebaseio.com/.json”).

Aside from 155,066 apps having publicly exposed databases,

the researchers found 9,014 apps with write permissions, thus potentially allowing an attacker to inject malicious data and corrupt the database, and even spread malware.

Complicating the matter further is the indexing of Firebase database URLs by search engines such as Bing,

which exposes the vulnerable endpoints for anyone on the Internet. A Google search, however, returns no results.

After Google was notified of the findings on April 22, the search giant said it’s reaching out to affected developers to patch the issues.

This is not the first time exposed Firebase databases have leaked personal information.

Researchers from mobile security firm Appthority found a similar case two years ago, resulting in the exposure of 100 million data records.

Leaving a database exposed without any authentication is an open invitation for bad actors.

It is therefore recommended that app developers adhere to Firebase database rules to secure data and prevent unauthorized access.

Users, for their part, are urged to stick to only trusted apps and be cautious about the information that’s shared with an application.